mac, linux, win: fix dead URLs and improve docs
This commit fixes dead URLs and updates documentation references, improving accuracy and reliability. Key changes: - Fix dead URLs by using archived snapshots when they are detected as down by tests. - Update URLs to their new redirected locations. Other supporting changes: - Introduce long URLs for `archive.ph` links to retain the original URLs within the documentation. It simplifies the maintenance by removing the need to document the original locations along with the short URLs. - Improve some of the documentation to use more current sources, replacing the outdated ones.
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