ci/cd: centralize and bump artifact uploads

- Upgrade `actions/upload-artifact` to `v4` to address deprecation
  warnings related to Node.js 16, improving compatibility with GitHub
  runners. This resolves the following warning from the runners:
  > Node.js 16 actions are deprecated. Please update the following actions
  > to use Node.js 20: actions/upload-artifact@v3.
- Centralize the use of the `upload-artifact` action through a new
  custom action, improving maintainability and consistency across
  workflows.

.github/actions/upload-artifact/action.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+inputs:
+  name:
+    required: true
+  path:
+    required: true
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    -
+      name: Upload artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: ${{ inputs.name }}
+        path: ${{ inputs.path }}